Latex Particles Suspension

• CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYSTYRENE PARTICLES
• AJUSTING PARTICLE NUMBERS TO REQUIRED CONCENTRATIONS
• VOLUME, NUMBER AND SURFACE AREA VS. PARTICLE SIZE
• AVIDIN POLYSTYRENE PARTICLES (0.8µm)
• ANTIBODY COATED POLYSTYRENE PARTICLES (0.8µm)
• SpheroTECHNICAL NOTES
• SELECTED REFERENCES

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LATEX PARTICLES SUSPENSION

CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYSTYRENE PARTICLES

Density:	1.05
Refractive Index:	1.59
Composition:	Linear polystyrene
Shape	Uniform microspheres
Porosity:	Nonporous
Compatibility with organic solvent:	Inert to alcohol and DMSO but soluble in DMF, acetone, acetonitrile, xylene, chloroform and methylene chloride.
Functional groups:	Located on the surface with alkyl linker arms.
Functional group contents:	0.8µm Carboxyl particles: ~ 50 ueq/g solid 0.8µm Amino particles: ~ 15-20 ueq/g solid

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AJUSTING PARTICLE NUMBERS TO REQUIRED CONCENTRATIONS
For 1 ml of 1% w/v (10 mg) particles

DIAMETER (µm)	SURFACE AREA (cm²)	#(x10e9)
0.05	11428	145513
0.10	5714	18189
0.50	1143	145.51
0.80	714	35.53
1.0	571	18.19
1.5	381	5.389
2.0	286	2.274
2.5	229	1.164
3.0	190	0.6737
3.5	163	0.4242
4.0	143	0.2842
4.5	127	0.1996
5.0	114	0.1455
5.5	104	0.1093
6.0	95	0.0842
6.5	88	0.06625
7.0	81	0.0530
8.0		0.03552
10.0		0.01819
12.0		0.01052
15.0		0.00539

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VOLUME, NUMBER AND SURFACE AREA VS. PARTICLE SIZE

Volume of particle:	V = (3.14/6) x D3 x 10e-12 cm3/particle
Number of particles:	N = (6W/3.14PD3) x 10e12 particles
Surface area of particles:	A = (6W/PD) x 10e4 cm²
Total surface area of 1 ml of 5% w/v (50 mg) particle:	A = 2857/D cm²
Total surface area of 20 ml of 0.25% w/v (50 mg) particles:	A = 2.857/D cm²
Where	W = Weight of polymer in gram P = Density of polymer (polystyrene = 1.05) D = Diameter of particles in micrometer

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AVIDIN POLYSTYRENE PARTICLES (0.8µm)
Covalently coated with egg white avidin

Avidin Contents:	~ 14 µg/mg solid ~ 0.212nmole/mg solid
Binding capacity to Biotin-Fluorescein:	~ 0.46nmole/mg solid

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ANTIBODY COATED POLYSTYRENE PARTICLES (0.8µm)

Antibody contents:	~ 14µg/mg solid ~ 0.2µg/sq cm ~1.5x104 IgG/particle
Binding capacity to IgG-FITC	~ 4µg/mg

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The following Sphero TECHNICAL NOTES are available via support@proscitech.com 

• STN-1: Particles Coating Procedures
• STN-2: Determination of Antibody binding to particles
• STN-3: Binding Capacity of Avidin Magnetic Particles
• STN-4: Binding Capacity of Gt-anti-Ms-IgG Magnetic Particles
• STN-5: Binding Capacity of Streptavidin Magnetic Particles
• STN-6: Binding Capacity of Biotin Magnetic Particles
• STN-7: Separation of Mononuclear Cells from Peripheral Blood using SPHERO Gt-anti-Ms-IgG Magnetic Particles
• STN-8: Calibration and Performance Tracking of Flow Cytometer Using SPHERO Calibration Particles
• STN-9: Measuring MESF with Flow Cytometer Using SPHERO Rainbow Calibration Particles.
• STN-10: Magnetic Particles Enzyme Immunoassay (MPEIA) using UltraMag Separator System (UMS-4000)

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Selected References

Ahmed, S., El-Asser, M., Paul, G., Vanderhoff, J., "Cleaning Latexes for Surface Characterization by Serum Replacement", J. of Colloid and Interfacial Science, Vol. 73, 388 (1980)

Labib, M., Robertson, A., "Application of a Diafiltration Technique in Latex Studies", J. of Colloid and Interfacial Science,, Vol. 67, 543 (1978)

Hechemy, K., Michaelson, E., "Latex Particle Assay in Laboratory Medicine, Part 1", Lab Management, June/July, 27 (1984)

Seaman, G., Goodwin, J., "Physiochemical Factors in Latex Rapid Agglutination Tests", Amer. Clin. Prod. Rev., June, 26 (1986)

Schwenzer, K, MacCrindle, C., "Particle Concentration Fluorescence Immunoassay: Clinical Applications", Clin. Lab Prod.,Sept, 21 (1985)

Jolley, M., Wang, C., Ekenberg, M., Zuelke, M., Kelso, D., "Particle Concentration Fluorescence Immunoassay (PCFIA): A New, Rapid Immunoassay Technique with High Sensitivity", J. Immunol. Methods, Vol. 67, 21 (1984)

Leahy, D., Shah, D., Todd, J., "A Method for Attachment of Peptides to Solid Surface with Enhanced Immunoreactivity", BioTechniques, Vol 13 (5), 738 (1992)

Leahy, D., Shah, D., Arima, T., et al., "Improved Serological Detection of Hepatitis C Virus with a Paramagnetic Microparticles Assay using Multiple Antigenic Sequences", Transfusion, Vol. 32 (6), 548 (1992)

Todd, J., Kink, J., Shah, D., et al., "A novel Semi-automated Paramagnetic Microparticle Based Enzyme Immunoassay for Hepatitis C Virus: Its application to serological testing", J. of Immunoassay, Vol. 13 (3), 393 (1992)

Phillips, D., Reimer, C., Wells, T., Black, C., "Quantitative Characterization of Specificity and Potency of Conjugated Antibody with Solid-Phase, Antigen Bead Standards", J. of Immunol. Methods, Vol. 34 315 (1980)

Kreuter, J., Berg, U., Liehl, E., Soliva, M., Speiser, P., "Influence of the Particle Size on the Adjuvant Effect of Particulate Polymeric Adjuvants", Vaccine, Vol. 4, June, 125 (1986)

Hadfield, S., Lane, A., McIllmurray, M., "A Novel Coloured Latex Test for the Detection and Identification of more than one Antigen", J. of Immunol. Methods, Vol. 97, 153 (1987)

Staros, J., Wright, R., Swingle, D., "Enhancement by N-Hydroxysulfo-Succinimide of Water-Soluble Carbodiimide Mediated Coupling Reagents", Anal. Chem. Vol. 156, 220 (1986)

Van den Hul, H. Vanderhoff, J., "The Characterization of Latex Particle Surface by Ion Exchange and Conductiometric Titration", J Electroanal. Chem. Vol. 37, 161 (1972)

Andrew J. Beavis and Kenneth J. Pennline, "Detection of Cell-Surface Antigens Using Antibody-Conjugated Fluorospheres (ACF): Application for Six-Colour Immunofluorescence", BioTechniques 21:498-503 (September 1996)